In the crit looking at process we were asked at the end to write down things we don't know about that process. I chose binding as my process as it is something I will be using in thie module. The five things below are the things I flagged up about what I do not know.
5 Things I don't know about binding :
- How book binding happens in large quantities.
- How pages are rounded.
- How much each bind varies in cost.
- Life span of each bind.
- Which is the most popular bind.
How book binding happens in large quantities:
This youtube video wont let me embed it, but it shows the process of comecial book binding. It was really interesting to watch to see how book binding is done on a large scale. The proceses are the same as if you were to do i yourself but on a much larger much quicker way, all done by machinery. Seeing books being created this way makes book binding looking really simple, when in actual fact it is very skilful, but technology and machinery has developed so much that the craft of book binding has gone in the commerical world.
How pages are rounded :
whilst looking for how pages are rounded I came across a glossery of book binding terms which is an ineresting read and worthwhile learning for when it comes to talking to printers and binder.
Adhesive Binding
Type of binding in which single leaves are secured together solely with an adhesive applied to the textblock spine. Animal glue, polyvinyl acetate glues, and hot melt adhesives are mostly used. Also known as perfect binding. See also, Double-Fan Adhesive binding
Backing
Process of shaping a ridge or shoulder on each side of the spine of a text block after rounding it, and prior to lining it. Backing accommodates the thickness of the boards, and provides a hinge along which they swing. Backing also helps to prevent the spine of the textblock from collapsing into a concave shape over time. See Rounding. (LBI Standard Glossary, p.13)
Bench Sewing
Any form of sewing through the fold by hand to attach signatures to form the textblock.
Board
General term used for pasteboard, millboard, strawboard, etc, all of which are used to form the foundation for book covers. They are made of various pulped or laminated fibrous materials pressed into large flat sheets, which are then cut to size and covered with cloth, leather, paper, or other material to form the book covers. Also called cover boards, or book boards.
Book Cloth
Specially prepared cloth material used as a covering material for book covers. A thin woven cloth (like muslin) that has been dyed, filled, impregnated, or coated with some compound, and subjected to heat and pressure. Book cloth falls into three main categories: 1. starch-filled (where the spaces in the cloth-weave are filled with starch, sometimes called sized book cloth), 2. acrylic-, pyrozylin- or vinyl-impregnated, and 3. plastic coated. Book cloth is lighter than buckram and comes in a variety of colors.
Buckram Cloth
A heavy weave cotton cloth filled, impregnated, or coated with different compounds (mainly starch and pyroxylin but also other materials) to enhance body, finish and durability.
Case
The cover of a book that consists of two boards, an inlay, and covering material. In a commercial bindery, the case is usually made separately from the text block and later attached to the text block later in a step called casing-in. (LBI Standard, Glossary, p.13)
Casing-In
Process of applying adhesive to the outermost endpapers of a textblock and fitting the text into its case. (LBI Standard, Glossary, p.14)
Coated Paper
Type of paper coated with white clay or a similar substance to provide a smooth surface for printing detailed illustrations. The finish is often glossy but can be dull.
Double Fan Adhesive Binding
A type of adhesive binding where the back margin of each leaf in an unglued textblock is exposed to 1/16" or less for an application of adhesive. The margin is exposed on both sides of each leaf by clamping the textblock on a vice-like press and then pushing against the textblock first in one direction, then the other, thereby fanning or separating the edges of the leaves. (LBI Standard, §6.3, p.5)
Flat Back
Also known as square back. A casebound textblock that has not been rounded or backed. (LBI Standard, Glossary, p.14)
Flyleaf
Leaf or leaves forming that part of the folded endsheet not pasted down to the inside of the cover board. Its function is to protect the first or last leaves of the textblock. See Pastedown.
Fore Edge
Edge of a leaf or a board opposite from, and parallel to, its binding edge (i.e. opposite from its spine edge). Fore edge is also used in a more general way to refer to any part of a volume opposite from and parallel to its spine. (LBI Standard, Glossary, p.14).
Grain Direction
Direction in which the majority of the fibers in a piece of paper or board are aligned and to the direction in which the warp threads run in cloth. Grain direction in all man-made materials used in bookbinding should run parallel to the spine of the volume. (LBI Standard, Glossary, p.14).
Gutter
Channel and combined marginal space formed by the two inner or back margins of facing pages of a volume. Margin along the spine.
Head
Top edge of a leaf, board, or bound volume, opposite from the surface on which the volume rests when it is shelved upright. (LBI Standard, Glossary, p.14)
Headband
Small, ornamental band, generally of mercerized cotton or silk, which in most modern publisher's trade bindings is glued on the head as well as the tail of the textblock spine of a book. Modern headbands imitate the sewn-on headbands that functioned to protect the head and tail of early bindings. The band at the tail of the book is sometimes called the tailboard.
Hinge
Flexible part of the cover on which the boards swing open. See also Inner Hinge and Outer Hinge.
Hollow
The part or space of a case binding between the textblock spine and the inside of the cover spine.
Inner Hinge
Fold of the channel lying between the two halves of an endsheet where the textblock is attached to its cover (case). Also called a front hinge and inner joint.
Leaf
Single sheet of paper or half of a folded sheet of paper. (LBI Standard, Glossary, p.15)
Leaf Attachment
Means by which leaves of a textblock are attached to one another along the binding edge. (LBI Standard, Glossary, p.15)
Margin
Space around the edges of a page outside the printed or written matter. The four margins are commonly designated as: head or top margin; tail, lower, or bottom margin; fore edge, outer or outside margin; and back, inner, or gutter margin.
Milling
The spines of books can be cut away on a milling machine to prepare them for double-fan adhesive binding or oversewing. The machine clamps the textblock, spine down, and moves it over a series of rotating blades that cut away approximately 1/8 inch of the binding margin, thus removing old adhesive, thread, staples, and/or the folds of signatures. After milling, a text block is comprised of loose leaves.
Notching
Process of cutting parallel grooves into the spine perpendicular to the binding edge to strengthen adhesive bindings (LBI Standard, Glossary, p.15).
Outer hinge
Flexible channel of covering material on the outside of a book on which the cover board opens; the space between the cover boards and the shoulder of the textblock spine in which the covering material is pressed. Also called a French joint or French groove, hinge, gully, channel, and outer joint.
Oversewing
Method of sewing thin sections (i.e., piles) of leaves, one to another in succession, to create a semi-flexible text block. For all oversewn volumes, a minimum binding margin of 5/8 inch (after milling) is desirable. (LBI Standard §6.1, p.3).
Paste down
The half of an endsheet that is pasted to the inside of the cover board.
PVA (Polyvinyl acetate)
An emulsion adhesive; a flexible adhesive that does not cross-link and is considered permanent. Results in a very strong bond.
Recase
Process of fitting the textblock with a new case when the original sewing thread of the textblock is unbroken and intact. (LBI Standard, §6.4, p.6)
Rounding
Process of hammering or manipulating the textblock spine into a convex shape preparatory to backing. Rounding diminishes the effect of swelling caused by the thickness of the sewing threads or the application of glue from an adhesive binding. It also helps to prevent the textblock spine from falling into a concave shape after years of use or of standing upright on a shelf. See also backing.
Shoulder
Outer edge of a rounded textblock spine against which the cover board fits. The shoulder is made when a book is rounded and backed. Also called a ridge, butt, flange, groove, abutment and ledge.
Stubbing
Process of adding sheets of paper to textblock to accommodate inserts. (Guide to the LBI Standard, §5.4, p.8)
Tail
Bottom edge of a leaf, board, or bound volume; that is, the surface on which a volume rests when shelved upright. (LBI Standard, Glossary, p.17)
Textblock
Leaves of a volume after they have been bound together. (LBI Standard, Glossary, p.17)
Tip-in
Thin line of adhesive is applied along the edge of a leaf (usually along the binding edge), and the leaf is tipped onto another leaf (usually at the binding edge). (LBI Standard, Glossary, p.17)
http://youtu.be/aGiPPcF-3_c
From researching I discovered that comercially edge rounding is done by machines. I also looked into how you could mimic this process for studio purposes and it can be done by using a corner cutter craft tool that is like a hole punch, but for rounding corners.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ERhZGHQtCCk you could also try sanding down the corners, but the result would not be as accurate.
How much each bind varies in cost :
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